Tommy Power
Sunday 21st September 2008 5:59pm
Brisbane, Queensland
582 posts
Quote: Timbo @ September 21 2008, 10:13 AM BST
Wouldn't those be actual languages rather than accents? That is a rather a higher level of diversity.
Generally speaking linguistic diversity is a function of how the long a population has been speaking the language. For instance the Niger-Congo group of languages spoken in West Africa is highly diverse, but the Bantu languages of sub-equatorial Africa are rather similar, reflecting the relatively recent expansion of the Bantu out of their West African homeland.
English has been spoken in mainland Britain for around 1,500 years, and there was some imported diversity, as proto-English tribes originated on different parts of the North Sea coast and settled different parts of England. This has given some time for the language to diversify, though this effect has perhaps been reversed in recent decades by the impact of mass communication. North America has only been settled by English speakers for around 300 years, so accents are less diversified. One would have expected some imported diversity, but it seems as settlers from different parts of England mixed, a single accent predominated, possibly with its roots in the West Country, where many early settlers originated. Settlement by non-native speakers seems to have little impact on accent, except where there is a high concentration and a degree of isolation, such as the Scandinavians of Minnesota. More typical is the Pakistani with a thick Brummie accent.
Perhaps the most striking example is Australia, where the rich diversity of aboriginal languages has been replaced by the homogenous sub-Cockney Strine.
Bugger, I could have sworn I posted more then just "Indonesia"... must have somehow deleted it. Yep, Indonesia has hundreds of language groups, but also numerous regional dialects. Travelling around Java is incredible; the diversity in both is pretty ashtonishing. Similarly PNG, where tribes lived in close geographical proximity to one another, yet remained linguistically isolated. 3000 language groups in Papua, 700 Aboriginal languages, I've heard 300 in Indonesia. In each case, linguistic evolution can be observed - new "accents" emerge, which eventually become so different that entirely new languages are born. Globalisation and modernisation appears to be reversing this process, though.
There are some minor regional differences in Australia, mainly along the urban/rural divide. Though people from South Australia speak differently (probably because it was a free settlement, not a convict destination).